Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire Research Articles

Investigation of pelvic floor knowledge, awareness and healthcare seeking in women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional study

Aim: Healthcare seeking by women with urinary incontinence is affected by many factors. However, the effect of pelvic floor awareness and knowledge on seeking health care is not clear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pelvic floor awareness, urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor knowledge levels and healthcare seeking in women with incontinence. Methods: A total of 178 women, 96 incontinent and 82 continent, were included in the study. The presence of UI was evaluated with Incontinence Questionnaires (3IQ), incontinence knowledge level with the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ-UI), and pelvic floor knowledge with the Pelvic Floor Health Knowledge Quiz (PFHKQ). Pelvic floor awareness and treatment seeking were measured with open-ended questions compiled from the literature. The Mann Whitney U, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were significant differences between the PIKQ-UI scores of incontinent women who answered yes or no to questions about pelvic floor awareness (p<.05) and seeking health care (p=0.039). The PIKQ-UI scores of incontinent women were higher than those of continent women (p=0.033). Incontinent and continent women had similar PFHKQ scores (p>0.05). A difference was observed in the purpose of seeking information about the pelvic floor between women with and without incontinence (p=0.002). Conclusions: The knowledge level of incontinent women with pelvic floor awareness and who seek health care was higher than that of incontinent women without pelvic floor awareness and who do not seek health care. Pelvic floor awareness in incontinent women may contribute to healthcare seeking and increase the level of knowledge about incontinence and pelvic floor.

Awareness of urinary incontinence in pregnant women as a neglected issue: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPregnancy and labor are independent risk factors for the development of urinary incontinence (UI). Although UI is common during pregnancy, it is a health problem mostly neglected by pregnant women. The high prevalence of UI in pregnancy and its effects on the postpartum period justifies the need to determine the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding the prevention and management of UI. It is necessary to increase the awareness of pregnant women about UI, educate, consultant, and integrate pelvic floor muscle training into prenatal care services. This study aims to determine the UI awareness of pregnant women and their knowledge and attitudes in this context.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 255 pregnant women in a university hospital in Turkey between March and September 2020. Data were collected using the Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) and Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale (UIAS). Results The UI prevalence was 51% during pregnancy. The mean score of PIKQ was 8.07±2.64, and only 6.3% of participants correctly answered all the questions regarding UI. The mean score of UIAS was 42.33±3.48. A positive correlation was found between UI knowledge and attitude score (r=0.35, p=0.00).ConclusionsThe results showed that although UI is prevalent during pregnancy, pregnant women’s knowledge of UI is poor. Nearly half of pregnant women need information. They tend to display positive attitudes towards UI, but not sufficient to improve their health-seeking behavior. Strategies should be developed to increase pregnant women’s awareness of UI and to encourage them health-seeking behaviors for the prevention/management of UI during prenatal visits.

Validation of the Hungarian Version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ)

ObjectiveThe Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) is a self-administered, reliable and valid instrument which assess knowledge regarding urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. There is no validated Hungarian version of this questionnaire; therefore the aim of this study was to develop a reliable, valid and culturally sensitive Hungarian version of the PIKQ. Study DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2022 with a sample of 459 women. The PIKQ, which consists of the urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse scales, was translated into Hungarian in accordance with international guidelines. The validity and reliability of the final version of the Hungarian PIKQ was evaluated using construct validity, comparison with known-groups, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ResultsRegarding construct validity, all fit indices were found acceptable. Healthcare workers had significantly higher knowledge about urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (p<0.001) compared to women who had not worked in a medical field. The Hungarian PIKQ had an adequate internal consistency with Cronbach alpha of 0.785 for the urinary incontinence scale and 0.826 for the pelvic organ prolapse scale. The correlation coeffcients between the test and retest was 0.931 for the urinary incontinence scale and 0.964 for the pelvic organ prolapse scale. ConclusionThe Hungarian version of the PIKQ is a reliable and valid tool to measure the level of knowledge about urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse among Hungarian speaking women.

Hungarian Women's Health Care Seeking Behavior and Knowledge of Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Cross-sectional Study.

Adequate knowledge about pelvic floor disorders could lead to increased health care-seeking behavior, improved symptoms, and quality of life. The aims of the present study were to evaluate Hungarian women's knowledge about pelvic floor disorders and to assess health care-seeking behavior. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from March to October 2022 using self-administered questionnaires. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess Hungarian women's knowledge about pelvic floor disorders. The International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form was used to gather information about the symptoms of urinary incontinence. Five hundred ninety-six women were included in the study. Urinary incontinence knowledge was deemed proficient in 27.7% of participants, while pelvic organ prolapse knowledge was deemed proficient in 40.4% of participants. Greater urinary incontinence knowledge was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with higher level of education (P = 0.016), work in a medical field (P < 0.001), and ever practiced pelvic floor muscle training (P < 0.001), whereas greater pelvic organ prolapse knowledge was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with higher level of education (P = 0.032), work in a medical field (P < 0.001), ever practiced pelvic floor muscle training (P = 0.017), and ever had pelvic organ prolapse (P = 0.022). Of the 248 participants who reported a history of urinary incontinence, only 42 (16.93%) women sought care. Care seeking was higher among women who were more knowledgeable about urinary incontinence and among women with more severe symptoms. Hungarian women had limited knowledge about urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Health care seeking among women with urinary incontinence was low.

Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in African American and Afro-Caribbean Women Seeking Medical Care in a Primary Care Ambulatory Setting.

Approximately one fourth of U.S. community-dwelling women will develop a pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) within their lifetimes. Prior research has revealed that knowledge of PFD was low to moderate in the general population and lower among Black patients. This study aimed to assess the proficiency of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in self-identified African American and Afro-Caribbean adult (age ≥ 18 years) female patients seeking medical care in our ambulatory setting. In this cross-sectional study, we administered the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire to patients in primary care and gynecology ambulatory settings at an academic medical center in Central Brooklyn. We used a multivariable Poisson regression model to find characteristics of the participants that are associated with proficiency in Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire domains. A total of 266 survey participants self-identified as African American or Afro-Caribbean. Overall, using a multivariable model, knowledge of POP was significantly higher among African Americans than Afro-Caribbeans, and 75.5% of our patients reported that they would seek information on urinary incontinence and POP from a medical provider (gynecologist or primary care doctor) compared with other alternatives (eg, internet, 19.6%). These findings highlight subgroups that could benefit from provider-initiated education regarding PFD. Furthermore, although Black patients are often homogenized in research studies, differences may exist within subgroups likely because of varying interplays of structural racism and other social determinants of health, which may serve as an area of future research.

Pelvic floor disorder assessment of knowledge and symptoms: an educational intervention for Spanish-speaking women (PAKS study).

Educational interventions have been effective in improving postpartum knowledge, performance of pelvic floor exercises, and bowel-specific quality-of-life. Our primary objective was to determine if a video-based educational intervention on pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) would increase Spanish-speaking women's knowledge of PFDs, and secondarily to assess if it would decrease pelvic floor symptoms. We hypothesized that Spanish-speaking women would improve their pelvic floor knowledge and symptoms post-intervention. Inclusion criteria included women age 18 years and older and self-reported as a predominantly Spanish-speaker or equally bilingual English- and Spanish-speaker. Changes in knowledge were assessed with the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ). Changes in symptoms were assessed with the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20). Linear regression assessed for independent effects. One hundred and fourteen women were enrolled and 112 completed the pre- and post-intervention PIKQ. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 50 (14) years. Immediate post-intervention scores showed significant improvement in knowledge. Total PIKQ score improved by 5.1 (4.7) points (p<0.001). POP subscore improved by 2.7 (2.7) points (p<0.001) and UI subscore improved by 2.3 (2.5) points (p<0.001). Improvement in knowledge continued after four weeks (p<0.001). PFDI-20 prolapse (p=0.02), colorectal-anal (p<0.001) and urinary (p=0.01) scores significantly improved only for the most symptomatic women at baseline. Using linear regression, total PIKQ (p=0.03) and total PFDI-20 scores (p=0.04) were associated with predominantly Spanish-speakers versus fully bilingual. Findings support the efficacy of a video-based educational intervention to improve knowledge of PFDs in Spanish-speaking women. The most symptomatic women benefitted from this intervention.

Condition-specific validation of the Arabic version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) among parturient.

Pregnancy and mode of delivery have a major effect on pelvic floor disorders (PFD). Assessing knowledge regarding PFD is essential not only for making more informed decisions regarding mode of delivery, but also for seeking help when PFD appear. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) is a validated tool that assesses women's knowledge regarding urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Validation of the Arabic version of the PIKQ had never been carried out. The purpose of this study was to conduct a condition specific validation among parturients of the PIKQ in the Arabic language. Translation of the PIKQ to the Arabic language was carried out according to international recommended guidelines. A cross-sectional study of pregnant women was conducted from June to September 2020 at the Soroka University Medical Center, Israel. The recommended 10:1 ratio between the number of subjects and the number of items in the questionnaire (n=24) was maintained. A total of 244 third trimester pregnant women have completed the Arabic version of the PIKQ. In addition to the validation of the psychometric characteristics, construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability were tested as well. Initially, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted, resulting in two 12-item scales representing UI and POP. Then, to validate the scale construct we conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results of the CFA demonstrated that the PIKQ displayed construct validity, with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.30 to 0.62. Finally, Cronbach's alpha indicated a good internal reliability for the two factors UI and POP. Criterion validity further supported the validity of the scale. The Arabic version of the PIKQ is a new, reliable, consistent, and valid instrument to examine the level of knowledge regarding UI and POP in Arabic speaking pregnant women. This instrument may be used to assess women's knowledge about PFD and to direct the need for educational interventions that may empower women to make informed decisions regarding perinatal care.

Pelvic floor dysfunction in rural postpartum mothers in the United States: prevalence, severity, and psychosocial correlates

ABSTRACT Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common gynecological problem; however, women residing in rural communities may refrain from seeking treatment for PFD. The purpose of this study was to characterize severity of PFD among postpartum women residing in rural communities (<50,000 residents) in the United States and explore the demographic and psychosocial correlates of PFD. Methods: A survey packet comprised of the Pelvic Floor Disability Index (PFDI-20) and Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) as well as the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Screening (EPDS), items from the Canadian Sexual Health Indicator (CSHI) survey, and demographic questions were distributed via electronic link following recruitment using social media. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with PFDI-20 score. Results: Participants (n = 383) have limited pelvic health knowledge (PIKQ) despite self-reporting moderate symptoms of dysfunction (PFDI-20). Over half of women scored ≥14 on the EPDS, indicating probable depression. Women with high scores on the EPDS had greater odds of reporting moderate/severe PFD. Women that identified as Black and/or having a college degree were more likely to report moderate/severe PFD. Conclusion: Rural women require further support to improve their physical and psychological health in the postpartum period.

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction In Rural Postpartum Mothers In The Usa: Prevalence, Severity And Psychosocial Correlates

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) among postpartum women residing in rural communities (<50,000 residents) in the United States and explore the demographic, knowledge level, and psychosocial correlates of PFD. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a convenience sample of rural postpartum women in the United States was employed. A survey packet comprised of the Pelvic Floor Disability Index (PFDI-20) and Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) as well as the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Screening (EPDS), items from the Canadian Sexual Health Indicator (CSHI) survey, and demographic questions were distributed via electronic link via social media recruitment. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with PFDI-20 score. RESULTS: : A total of 383 participant responses were analyzed. The majority of postpartum women have limited knowledge of the pelvic floor despite experiencing moderate symptoms of dysfunction. Most women report symptoms primarily related to urinary and colorectal/anal distress. Women report being moderately confident in their ability to utilize sex protection. Over half of women scored ≥14 on the EPDS indicating probable depression. Women with high scores on the EPDS and low scores on the PIKQ have significantly greater odds of reporting moderate to severe PFD. Women who reported not breastfeeding or who were engaging in hard exercise on a regular basis had significantly greater odds of reporting moderate to severe PFD. CONCLUSIONS: Rural women with low pelvic health knowledge and probable depression are at increased risk of suffering from greater severity of PFD. Increased opportunities for education on how to engage in pelvic floor muscle strengthening during the perinatal period are needed. In addition, future research should continue to explore the relationship between PFD and psychosocial correlates like confidence in contraception use and postpartum depression.

Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia.

Pelvic floor disorders are common and of concern, as the majority of maternity healthcare providers seldom discuss this issue with patients compared to other antenatal issues. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and to assess the knowledge and awareness of pelvic floor disorder (PFD) among pregnant women in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. We also aim to assess the association between women’s risk factors regarding their knowledge and awareness of pelvic floor disorder so that primary prevention strategies can be planned, initiated and implemented in the future. This is a cross-sectional study with a total of four hundred twenty-four pregnant women that were recruited over a 6-month duration from May to November 2017 in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) was used to evaluate pelvic floor distress symptoms during pregnancy, namely urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and faecal incontinence. A validated Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ), which consists of 24 items, was used to assess respondents’ knowledge about urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). A total of 450 participants were approached, but 424 participants agreed to participate, showing a response rate of 94.3%. The median age was 31.5 years old, and 33.3% were primiparity. Overall, 46.1% of pregnant women had at least one symptom of pelvic floor disorder during pregnancy. Of these, 62.3% experienced urinary incontinence, 41.1% experienced symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, and 37.8% experienced symptoms of faecal incontinence. The overall median score of PIKQ was 12.0 (8.0, 17.0). The median score for PIKQ—UI was 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) and the median score for PIKQ—POP was 6.0 (4.0, 8.0). There were 341 (80.4%) pregnant women that had a low level of knowledge in UI, and 191 (45.0%) had a low level of knowledge in POP. Having a tertiary level of education and receiving antenatal specialist care were both associated with better proficiency in both the PIKQ—UI (p < 0.001) and PIKQ—POP (p < 0.001) subscales. Pelvic floor disorder during pregnancy was common. A knowledge of pelvic floor disorder was lacking among pregnant women in this study. Having a tertiary education and receiving antenatal specialist care were both associated with better knowledge proficiency. This study hopefully serves as a basic platform for future educational programs to bridge the knowledge gaps in PFD among pregnant women.

Knowledge of women during the third trimester of pregnancy regarding pelvic floor disorders.

The objective was to examine knowledge regarding pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) among women during the third trimester of pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a large teaching medical center in Israel between June and September 2020. Women in their third trimester (N = 649) were asked to complete the validated Hebrew and Arabic versions of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ). The PIKQ instrument examines the knowledge of two major PFDs: urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The study population included women over 18years of age, in the third trimester, who speak and read Hebrew or Arabic fluently. Two separate scores were calculated, one for each section of the PIKQ. The association of questionnaire scores with the different independent variables was examined using Student's t test or one-way ANOVA. Correlations were examined using Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient. The Hebrew version was filled out by 405 women, and 244 women completed the Arabic version. The average questionnaire scores were 7.65 ± 2.8 and 5.32 ± 2 for the UI and POP sections respectively. Significantly higher average scores in both the UI and the POP sections were noted among health care workers (UI: 10.19 ± 2.3 vs 7.34 ± 2.6, p < 0.001; POP: 8.27 ± 2.7 vs 4.97 ± 2.6, p < 0.001), women with higher education (p < 0.001 in both parts) and those with higher incomes (p < 0.001 for both parts). Knowledge of PFD among women in the third trimester of pregnancy in Israel was found to be low. Founding educational programs for targeted groups may improve both the knowledge of PFD and the quality of life for these women.

Pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms and knowledge level in obese women

ABSTRACT This study compared the pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) symptoms and knowledge levels in obese and non-obese women. The study included 40 obese and 41 non-obese women. The presence of PFD and the severity of its symptoms were questioned with the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) (its sub-scales: Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6 (POPDI-6), Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory-8 (CRADI-8), Urinary Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6)). Participants’ PFD knowledge levels were evaluated with the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) and the Anal Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (AIKQ). The rates of urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms were higher in the obese group compared to the control group (p = .001). The POPDI-6, CRADI-8, UDI-6, and PFDI-20 scores were higher in the obese group compared to the control group (p < .001). Moreover, the knowledge level related to treatment methods for PFD was lower in the obese women compared to the non-obese women (p < .05). PFD symptom incidence and severity were higher and knowledge levels related to PFD were lower in the obese women compared to the non-obese women. Informative teaching programs on this issue would be beneficial as part of preventive health services.

Racial and ethnic disparities in pelvic floor disorder awareness

Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) affect the quality of life for many women and can be a significant cause of distress. With the United States’ aging population, PFD are becoming increasingly prevalent. Previous population based studies identified both differences in prevalence and baseline knowledge of PFD by race and ethnicity. These prior studies assessing PFD knowledge were limited to single geographical areas or institutions. We aim to conduct a multicenter study across the United States to better understand the baseline knowledge and perceptions of PFD and its variance across different races and ethnicities. Our goal is to provide data that will help deliver culturally competent information to patients. This was a multicenter cross-sectional study involving six sites. Upon initial presentation to a urogynecology clinic, patients were evaluated with the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire along with additional questions aimed to assess differences in PFD descriptive language, barriers to care, and attitude towards PFD. Surveys were distributed at participating institutions from October 2019 to February 2021. Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test, using p <0.05 for statistical significance. A total of 287 women completed the survey, with 27 excluded due to omission of race and or ethnicity responses. Respondents identified their ethnicity as Hispanic (21.8%) and race as White (70.5%), African American (AA) (19.2%), and Other Women of Color (OWOC) (10.3%). Overall, the mean percent correct for the urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) sub-scores were 61.2 ± 28.2 and 60.5 ± 28.2, respectively. AA and OWOC had lower scores compared to White respondents in both UI (AA 60.7 ± 30.1; OWOC 46.8 ± 31.2; W 63.5 ± 26.5; p = 0.018) and POP (AA 55.5 ±30.1; OWOC 48.9 ± 31.0; W 64 ± 26.2; p = 0.011). Hispanic women scored lower in both UI (43.9 ± 29.8 vs 66.5 ± 25.3, p <0.001) and POP (46.2 ± 28.4 vs 66.5 ± 25.3, p<0.001) when compared to non-Hispanic respondents. AA and OWOC had decreased knowledge of POP language compared to White respondents (32.3 ± 30.8 % correct vs 35.4 ± 33.6 % correct vs 50.4 ± 32.9 % correct, p <0.001). This was similar for Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic respondents (33.3 ± 31.2 % correct vs 40.1 ± 32.5 % correct, p<0.001). Responses to UI and POP misconception questions were not different by race or ethnicity. This is the first multicenter, cross-sectional survey of a diverse patient population assessing knowledge and perception of PFD. We observed differences between baseline knowledge and language proficiency of PFD amongst AA, White, and OWOC, as well as between Hispanic and non-Hispanic women. This suggests the presence of racial disparities in women pursuing urogynecologic care and highlights the importance of delivering culturally sensitive information to educate women of diverse backgrounds.

Validation of the hebrew version of the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire (PIKQ) during pregnancy.

Pregnancy and delivery have a major effect on pelvic floor disorders. Assessing knowledge regarding pelvic floor disorders in childbearing age women and appropriate interventions will enable women to seek appropriate medical advice once pelvic floor disorders have developed. The purpose of this study was to validate the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire in the Hebrew language. Translation of the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire to the Hebrew language according to international recommended guidelines. A study was conducted to validate the questionnaire. The study took place between June to September 2020 in a tertiary medical center in Israel. A total of 240 third trimester pregnant women completed the Hebrew version of the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire. Construct validity, criterion validity and reliability tests were performed. Factor analysis of the Hebrew version of the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire demonstrated 12 strong positive factor loadings to one principal factor in the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire-pelvic organ prolapse domain (FL > 0.3) and 10/12 in the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire-urinary incontinence domain. The Hebrew prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire was found to have internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.745 for the urinary incontinence domain and 0.796 for the pelvic organ prolapse domain. The Hebrew version of the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire is a new, reliable, consistent, and valid instrument to examine the level of knowledge regarding pelvic floor disorders in Hebrew-speaking pregnant women.

Validation of the Thai version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ)

Introduction and hypothesisThe Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) was developed and validated to assess women’s knowledge regarding etiology, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to translate and validate a Thai version of the PIKQ to use as a tool to evaluate knowledge of POP and UI among Thai-speaking women.MethodsThe English PIKQ, which comprises the PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI sections, was translated into Thai. Psychometric properties of the final version of the Thai PIKQ were tested for content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability among 168 women attending a gynecology clinic and 150 nurses.ResultsRegarding content validity of the final Thai PIKQ, the number of missing items was 0. Participants in the nurse group were more likely than those in the patient group to select the correct answer for all items for the POP scale and UI scale (P < 0.001). For internal consistency testing, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.745 for the PIKQ-POP and 0.754 for the PIKQ-UI scales, suggesting that the items had relatively high internal consistency. The item-total correlation values ranged from 0.204 to 0.539, showing an adequate correlation of each item with the scale overall. The correlation coefficients between the test and retest for PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI were 0.685 and 0.735, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe Thai PIKQ is a simple instrument which shows good validity and high reliability and could be a useful tool for assessing knowledge regarding POP and UI in clinical practice.

From the Core to the Floor—Utilizing a Webinar to Provide Pelvic Health Education

Background: Childbirth can increase the risk of urinary and fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse; however, research indicates postpartum women have limited knowledge of these conditions. Objectives: (1) To determine whether a webinar can improve postpartum women's knowledge related to the structures, functions, muscles, and strengthening of the pelvic floor and (2) to explore changes in perception of postpartum women's understanding of the core/pelvic floor and their role in urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: Women who had given birth within the last year and were older than 19 years were recruited via social media. Women completed a demographic survey, Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ), and a telephonic interview before and after viewing a 1-time online webinar produced by a Women's Health Physical Therapy (DPT) Resident. Survey data were analyzed via independent t tests. Qualitative data were analyzed via a latent content recurrent cross-sectional analysis. Results: A total of 16 women participated in this study. There were significant improvements in pre- versus postwebinar. Specific to qualitative findings, the main knowledge changes seen from pre- to postwebinar interviews included greater awareness of specific exercises with proper progression and sequencing, improved descriptions of UI and POP, and improved cuing of a Kegel. Conclusion: A pelvic health education webinar can result in improvements in pelvic health knowledge. More research is needed to determine whether this increase in knowledge translates to a greater likelihood to engage in pelvic floor strengthening exercises and ultimately whether it reduces pelvic floor dysfunction.

Randomized trial of an enhanced consultation versus standard consultation for prolapse: impact on patient satisfaction.

Optimal counseling techniques for Spanish-speaking patients with low health literacy and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is unknown. We hypothesize that with use of an enhanced consultation (EC) strategy, patient satisfaction with their knowledge of prolapse will improve compared with a standard consultation (SC). We conducted a randomized controlled trial of an EC vs SC in Spanish-speaking women seeking treatment for POP. In addition to receiving the same SC as the SC group, the EC group received consultation using images from an Interactive Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) Program and a brief anatomy lesson. Thirty participants per group was calculated to achieve a power of 80% with an alpha of 0.05. The primary outcome was to assess the change in patient satisfaction of prolapse understanding utilizing a visual analog scale. Comparisons between groups were done using Student's t test or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum for continuous variables, Mantel-Haenszel for ordinal variables, and Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. A total of 78 patients were enrolled and 64 completed the study. There was no difference in the change in satisfaction with disease understanding on a visual analog scale between the EC and SC groups (45.6 vs 51.7, p= 0.623). There were no differences in the change in factual knowledge scores on the prolapse portion of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) between the EC and the SC groups (19.6 vs 18.9, p= 0.914). In Spanish-speaking women, an EC using a 2-D prolapse animation did not increase prolapse knowledge satisfaction of disease understanding compared with an SC.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire into Turkish, and to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire.STUDY DESIGN: Psychometric properties of the Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire, which was developed according to standard scientific translation procedures, were analyzed on 206 volunteer women (31.79±8.79-year-old), after being tested for its comprehensibility and content validity. The participants were questioned about their physical and socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical-gynecological histories and menstrual states, current medical complaints, and reasons for applying to the clinics. In addition to Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire, they completed the Turkish incontinence quiz, global pelvic floor bother questionnaire, pelvic floor distress inventory-20 and pelvic floor impact questionnaire. Retests were performed on 27 participants, after one week. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire were investigated. RESULTS: Internal consistencies of the Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire subscales (Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire-UI and Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire-pelvic organ prolapse) were high (Cronbach α=0.754 for both); item-total correlations were 0.127-0.576 and 0.217-0.509, respectively. Also, test-retest reliabilities of the subscales and the overall scale were high (Intraclass correlation coefficient =0.949, 0.911 and 0.878, respectively). Turkish version prolapse and Incontinence knowledge questionnaire scores were highly correlated with incontinence quiz scores and weakly correlated with pelvic floor distress inventory-20 and pelvic floor impact questionnaire-7 scores (p&lt;0.05).CONCLUSION: It was concluded that Turkish version prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to measure Turkish women’s knowledge and awareness about urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

Do community-dwelling pregnant women know about pelvic floor disorder?

ABSTRACT Our study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) among pregnant women. We additionally evaluated whether the knowledge of PFDs was different in relation to gestational age, parity, the attendance to an antenatal education (ANE), and history of urinary incontinence (UI) and/or pelvic organ prolapse (POP). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in pregnant women from all trimesters of pregnancy. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) and three questions were used for knowledge and awareness. Two hundred and forty-one women participated in the study. Of them, 18.6% (n = 46) and 3.6% (n = 9) had UI and POP, respectively. The median of the PIKQ-UI and the PIKQ-POP scores were 6 (min-max: 0–11) and 5 (min-max: 0–12), respectively. The median PIKQ-UI and PIKQ-POP scores were higher in women who had attended ANE. There was no significant difference in terms of gestational age, parity, the attendance to ANE, and the history of pelvic floor disorder (p > .05). Knowledge and awareness were low among the women in all trimesters. Education programs involving pelvic floor training should be organized for pregnant women.

Validation of a Spanish Version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire.

The objective of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ). Validation and reliability testing of the Spanish version of the PIKQ was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, a translation-back-translation method by 6 bilingual researchers was utilized to generate a final Spanish translation. In the second phase, bilingual women were randomized to complete the Spanish or English version first, followed by the alternate language. Agreement between individual items from English and Spanish versions was assessed by percent agreement and κ statistics. Intraclass correlation coefficients compared overall PIKQ scores and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI) subscores. To establish test-retest reliability, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients. In order to have a precision of 10% for 90% agreement, so that the lower 95% confidence interval would not be less than 80% agreement, 50 bilingual participants were required. Fifty-seven bilingual women were randomized and completed both versions of the PIKQ. Individual items showed 74%-97% agreement, good to excellent agreement (κ = 0.6-0.89) for 9 items and moderate agreement (κ = 0.4-0.59) for 14 items between English and Spanish PIKQ versions. Intraclass correlation coefficients of the overall score and POP and UI subscores showed excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.81-0.91). Pearson correlation coefficients between initial and repeat Spanish scores were high: overall (r = 0.87) and for POP (r = 0.81) and UI subscores (r = 0.77). A valid and reliable Spanish version of the PIKQ has been developed to assess patient knowledge about UI and POP.